Colonoscopy

A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that enables physicians to examine the large intestine’s lining using a flexible tube equipped with a camera. It is primarily conducted as a screening test for colon cancer or to investigate symptoms such as abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or changes in bowel habits.

Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is a measure of how well a doctor finds and removes growths called adenomas during a colonoscopy. Adenomas can become cancer if left untreated, and a higher ADR means the doctor is better at finding and removing them. This makes the colonoscopy more effective in detecting potential cancer and helps reduce the chance of developing colorectal cancer between regular screenings.

Dr. Gan has extensive experience as a colonoscopist, with a high adenoma detection rate demonstrated in clinical audits conducted at the Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital. Choosing a skilled and experienced colonoscopist like Dr. Gan can improve the quality of colonoscopy for patients and reduce the risk of missed lesions and interval colorectal cancer. Patients who select Dr. Gan can trust that they are in the care of a dedicated and experienced professional who is committed to achieving the best possible outcomes.

The colonoscopy procedure typically takes between 30 and 60 minutes to complete. During the procedure, patients are given sedation to help them relax and minimize discomfort. The physician will insert the colonoscope into the rectum and slowly advance it through the colon while examining the lining for any abnormalities such as polyps, ulcers, or inflammation. If any polyps are detected, they can be removed during the procedure to prevent them from developing into cancer. Additionally, biopsies, or small tissue samples, can be taken for further analysis if needed.

After the procedure, the patient will be monitored until the sedation wears off, and then they can usually go home the same day. It is common to experience mild cramping or bloating after the procedure, but these symptoms typically resolve within a day or two. The physician will discuss the colonoscopy’s findings with the patient and make any necessary follow-up recommendations, such as scheduling another screening in a few years or undergoing additional testing or treatment.

Upper Endoscopy

An upper endoscopy, also known as an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), is a medical procedure that allows a doctor to examine the upper digestive tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and part of the small intestine (duodenum). The procedure is typically performed to investigate symptoms such as heartburn, nausea, vomiting, or difficulty swallowing, or to diagnose conditions such as ulcers, inflammation, or tumors.

During the procedure, the patient is given sedation to help them relax and minimize discomfort. The endoscope is inserted through the mouth and down the throat into the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. The doctor can then visualize the inside of the digestive tract and take images or biopsies (small tissue samples) for further analysis. In some cases, the doctor may also be able to perform therapeutic interventions, such as stopping bleeding or removing polyps.

After the procedure, the patient will be monitored until the sedation wears off, and then they can usually go home the same day. It is normal to experience mild soreness or discomfort in the throat or chest for a day or two after the procedure. The doctor will discuss the results of the upper endoscopy with the patient and any necessary follow-up recommendations, such as scheduling another procedure or undergoing further testing or treatment.

Small Bowel Balloon Enteroscopy

A small bowel balloon enteroscopy is a specialized endoscopic procedure that allows a doctor to examine the small intestine, which is otherwise difficult to visualize with standard endoscopes. The procedure is typically performed to investigate conditions such as gastrointestinal bleeding, unexplained abdominal pain, or suspected small bowel tumors or polyps. During the procedure, a long, thin endoscope with a small balloon attached to its tip is inserted through the mouth or anus and advanced into the small intestine. The balloon is then inflated to anchor the endoscope in place, allowing the doctor to visualize and examine the small intestine.

Once the endoscope is in place, the doctor can take images or biopsies (small tissue samples) of the small intestine for further analysis. In some cases, the doctor may also be able to perform therapeutic interventions, such as stopping bleeding or removing polyps. After the procedure, the patient will be monitored until the sedation wears off, and then they can usually go home the same day. It is normal to experience mild soreness or discomfort at the site where the endoscope was inserted, but these symptoms usually resolve within a day or two.

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Clinical gastroenterology is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases and disorders of the digestive system, including the stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.

Hepatology is a subspecialty of gastroenterology that specifically deals with the liver, including diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and fatty liver disease.

As a gastroenterologist, I can help you manage various digestive disorders such as acid reflux, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. I can also diagnose and treat liver diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, and screen for colon cancer using procedures like colonoscopy.

In addition, I can provide nutritional counseling and advise you on dietary modifications to help manage your condition.

My goal is to help you maintain optimal digestive health and improve your quality of life. If you have any questions or concerns, please don’t hesitate to ask me.

Gastrooesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which the contents of the stomach flow back into the oesophagus, causing irritation and discomfort. The oesophagus is the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. Normally, a ring of muscle at the bottom of the oesophagus, called the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES), keeps stomach acid and other contents from flowing back into the oesophagus. However, in people with GERD, the LES is weak or relaxed, allowing acid and other stomach contents to reflux, or flow back, into the oesophagus.

The most common symptom of GERD is heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest that often occurs after eating or at night. Other symptoms may include regurgitation, a bitter or sour taste in the mouth, difficulty swallowing, and coughing or wheezing. Over time, GERD can cause inflammation of the oesophagus, a condition called esophagitis, which can lead to complications such as bleeding, narrowing of the oesophagus, and even cancer.

Treatment for GERD may include lifestyle modifications such as avoiding trigger foods, losing weight, and quitting smoking, as well as medications such as antacids, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and H2 blockers. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to strengthen the LES or repair a hiatal hernia, which is a common condition that can contribute to GERD. If left untreated, GERD can have a significant impact on a person’s quality of life, so it’s important to seek medical attention if you experience symptoms.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common digestive disorder that affects the large intestine. It is characterized by a group of symptoms that can include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation. The exact cause of IBS is not known, but it is thought to be related to problems with how the muscles in the intestine contract and relax, how the brain and gut communicate with each other, and how the gut processes food.

The symptoms of IBS can vary from person to person and can range from mild to severe. They can also come and go over time. Some people with IBS may experience constipation or diarrhea more frequently, while others may alternate between the two. In addition to gastrointestinal symptoms, IBS can also cause fatigue, anxiety, and depression, which can have a significant impact on a person’s quality of life.

There is no single test that can diagnose IBS, so doctors typically rely on a combination of symptoms and medical history to make a diagnosis. Treatment for IBS may include lifestyle modifications such as stress reduction, dietary changes, and regular exercise, as well as medications to manage symptoms such as pain and diarrhea. In some cases, psychotherapy or counseling may also be recommended to address the psychological impact of the condition. With proper management, most people with IBS are able to control their symptoms and lead a normal, active life.

Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in Australia, but it is highly treatable if detected early. When colorectal cancer is found and treated before it has spread beyond the bowel, the five-year survival rate is around 90%. However, if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, the five-year survival rate drops to around 15%. This is why early detection and treatment is so important.

Regular screening for colorectal cancer can detect cancer or precancerous polyps at an early stage, when they are more easily treated and have a better chance of being cured. The National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) provides free screening to eligible Australians aged 50-74 years, but even if you’re not eligible for the program, you may still benefit from regular screening. Talk to your doctor about the most appropriate screening schedule for you based on your individual risk factors.

If you experience any symptoms of colorectal cancer, such as a change in bowel habits, blood in the stool, abdominal pain, or unexplained weight loss, it’s important to see your doctor as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment can greatly improve your chances of a successful outcome. Treatment for colorectal cancer may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these treatments, depending on the stage and location of the cancer. Your doctor can help determine the most appropriate treatment plan for you.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that affects the gastrointestinal tract, causing inflammation and damage to the lining of the digestive system. There are two main types of IBD: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. While the exact cause of IBD is unknown, it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors.

The symptoms of IBD can vary from person to person, but commonly include abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and weight loss. In some cases, patients may experience fatigue, fever, and joint pain. The severity of the symptoms can also vary, and patients may experience periods of remission followed by periods of flare-ups.

Treatment for IBD typically involves a combination of medication, dietary changes, and lifestyle modifications. Medications can include anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, and antibiotics. Dietary changes may involve avoiding certain foods that can trigger symptoms, while lifestyle modifications may include stress reduction techniques and regular exercise. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged tissue or alleviate complications of the disease. It’s important for patients with IBD to work closely with their healthcare team to develop a tailored treatment plan and regularly monitor their symptoms and disease progression.

H.Pylori Infection

H.Pylori is a type of bacteria that can infect the lining of the stomach, and it is a major risk factor for the development of gastric cancer, particularly in Asian populations. H. pylori infection is usually acquired during childhood and can persist for decades if left untreated. The bacteria can cause inflammation in the stomach, leading to the development of ulcers and other digestive problems.

H.Pylori infection is more common in Asian populations due to factors such as poor sanitation and crowded living conditions. In these populations, the risk of developing gastric cancer is much higher than in other parts of the world. Studies have shown that the risk of gastric cancer is highest in individuals who are infected with H. pylori and have a family history of the disease.

Fortunately, H. pylori infection can be treated with antibiotics and other medications. Treatment usually involves a combination of medications taken over a period of several weeks. Early treatment of H. pylori infection can reduce the risk of developing gastric cancer, especially in individuals with a family history of the disease. It’s important for individuals with a family history of gastric cancer or other risk factors for H. pylori infection to undergo regular screening and testing to detect the infection early and prevent complications.